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Diabetes and the Eye An increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus poses a major health problem in India. The contributing factors are:
Regardless of the type of diabetes, many diabetics develop a complication called diabetic retinopathy, a change in the retinal blood vessels that leads to loss of vision.
Diabetic retinopathy is often symptomless in the early stages. Since only an ophthalmologist can detect early signs of diabetic retinopathy, all diabetics should have their eyes examined at least once every year.
Diabetes causes weakening of the blood vessels in the body. The tiny, delicate retinal blood vessels are particularly susceptible. This deterioration of retinal blood vessels, accompanied by structural changes in the retina, is termed diabetic retinopathy and will lead to loss of vision. Diabetic retinopathy is gradual in onset and is related to the duration of diabetes. High blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and genetics influence the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Non-proliferative: When the blood vessels leak, macular edema may occur, thereby reducing vision.Proliferative: When new, weak blood vessels grow or proliferate, bleeding into the vitreous may occur and cause severe visual loss.